The transportation, transformation and (bio)accumulation of pharmaceuticals in the terrestrial ecosystem

Soil dwelling organisms, plants and many primary consumers in food webs face the challenge of exposure to contaminants emerging concern (CECs) present terrestrial systems, including thousands substances derived from pharmaceutical personal care products (PPCPs). The recent increase consumption modern human or veterinary drugs has resulted a surge anthropogenic pharmaceuticals, frequently introduced into environments via untreated/treated wastewater. Pharmaceuticals display diverse degradation accumulation behaviours receiving bodies, however their impact on soils has, at large, been overlooked. Details about adsorption, absorption, uptake behaviours, as well fate actual environmental pharmaceuticals are prerequisite before traditional transportation prediction models originally designed for aquatic environment can be extrapolated systems. Without this knowledge, our ability informed risk assessments resultant implementation contamination management strategies will remain limited. This review discusses current knowledgebase pertaining introduction wastewater irrigation application biosolids. focus transportation, transformation through chain highlights urgent need strengthen capabilities concerning detection characterization ecosystem.